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RF intelligence / 2026 preprint

RFPrompt:
adapt a wireless model with prompts.

Md Raihan Uddin · Tolunay Seyfi · Fatemeh Afghah

A signal-intelligence demonstration that adapts a frozen large wireless model with small expert prompts, then tests modulation classification with limited labels and shifted signal conditions.

Testbed focus

Change the label budget. See adaptation.

Upload IQ samples, choose modulation classes, and compare a frozen model, partial fine-tuning, and RFPrompt as labels and signal conditions change.

Technical significance

Strong OOD performance

On the Real-World IQ test set, RFPrompt peaks at 0.82 accuracy at N=400, exceeding the reported frozen and partially fine-tuned baselines.

Parameter efficient

The prompt-based adaptation uses about 0.34% trainable parameters in the reported comparison, while keeping the backbone frozen.

Prompt length sensitivity

The reported sweep identifies P=16 as the best prompt length for the evaluated adaptation setting.

RFPrompt end-to-end pipeline
End-to-end RFPrompt pipeline.
RFPrompt results and t-SNE visualization
t-SNE embeddings from the Real-World IQ evaluation.

Figures are cropped from the submitted paper to show the system and the most relevant reported results.

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